The terms we are discussing here are "keyboard shortcuts" and "keybindings". They are useful when searching for help.
First, run xev in a terminal to see if the key works.
If it works, open Settings > Devices > Keyboard for a list of shortcuts. If it says Alt without specifying right or left they should both work. Replace any that specify a side and make sure it only says Alt.
If you have trouble making the settings do that, install dconf-editor
sudo apt install dconf-editor
and launch it from the terminal
dconf-editor
Locate the search icon and type keybinding and look through the paths for what you need. In your example navigate to
org/gnome/desktop/vm/keybindings/close
If the default value is on it should be set to
['<Alt>F4']
If it's not, switch default to off and enter exactly the above as a custom entry.
My Alt shortcuts seem to be the same for each side, so maybe yours got reconfigured somehow.