Artificial Intelligence Stack Exchange
Artificial Intelligence Stack Exchange

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What is the difference between logic-based and rule-based AI?

I always thought rule-based was synonymous with logic-based AI. Logic has axioms and rules of inference, whereas rule-based AI has a knowledge base (essentially, axioms) and if-then rules to create new knowledge (essentially inference rules). But in…
samlaf
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How should I handle action selection in the terminal state when implementing SARSA?

I recently started learning about reinforcement learning. Currently, I am trying to implement the SARSA algorithm. However, I do not know how to deal with $Q(s', a')$, when $s'$ is the terminal state. First, there is no action to choose from in this…
Hai Nguyen
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Examples of uses of artificial intelligence at work

I'm going to give a talk, and I'm preparing the material. The purpose of the conversation is to convince companies in my region that it is possible to apply artificial intelligence in solving everyday business problems. I would like some examples to…
José Henrique Luckmann
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When exactly does the split into different heads in Multi-Head-Attention occur?

I am confused by the Multi-Head part of the Multi-Head-Attention used in Transformers. My question concerns the implementations in Pytorch of nn.MultiheadAttention and its forward method multi_head_attention_forward and whether these are actually…
Aushilfsgott
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What do symmetric weights mean and how does it make backpropagation biologically implausible?

I was reading a paper on alternatives to backpropagation as a learning algorithm in neural networks. In this paper, the author talks about the disadvantages of backpropagation, and one of the disadvantages stated is that backpropagation requires…
0jas
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What is the difference between a loss function and reward/penalty in Deep Reinforcement Learning?

In Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) I am having difficulties in understanding the difference between a Loss function, a reward/penalty and the integration of both in DRL. Loss function: Given an output of the model and the ground truth,…
Theo Deep
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Why is the perplexity a good evaluation metric for chatbots?

A few papers I have come across say that BLEU is not an appropriate evaluation metric for chatbots, so they use the perplexity. First of all, what is perplexity? How to calculate it? And why is perplexity a good evaluation metric for chatbots?
RuiZhang1993
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How does backprop work through the random sampling layer in a variational autoencoder?

Implementations of variational autoencoders that I've looked at all include a sampling layer as the last layer of the encoder block. The encoder learns to generate a mean and standard deviation for each input, and samples from it to get the input's…
Luke Wolcott
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Can AI stop attacks like WannaCry?

I have done some research regarding the application of machine learning to cyber-security. After these recent attacks (like WannaCry), I think that AI-based cyber defense can prevent them. I have also read about research regarding the same in MIT,…
kvk venugopal
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Is language understanding possible without qualia?

I feel that many words if not all of them have a direct mapping to some kind of inner subjective experience, to a physical object, mental feeling, process or some other kind of abstract thing. Given that machines don't have qualia and no mapping of…
Vivek Krishna
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What are some examples of intelligent agents for each intelligent agent class?

There are several classes of intelligent agents, such as: simple reflex agents model-based reflex agents goal-based agents utility-based agents learning agents Each of these agents behaves slightly different from the other agents. There are…
practronix512
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Why is gradient descent used over the conjugate gradient method?

Based on some preliminary research, the conjugate gradient method is almost exactly the same as gradient descent, except the search direction must be orthogonal to the previous step. From what I've read, the idea tends to be that the conjugate…
Recessive
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What is meant by "known" in "A knowledge-base exhibits complete knowledge if and only if, for every $P$, $P$ or $\neg P$ is known"?

I have a question as to what it means for a knowledge-base to be consistent and complete. I've been looking into non-monotonic logic and different formalisms for it from the book "Knowledge Representation and Reasoning" by Hector Levesque and Ronald…
Parry
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Is it okay to use publicly available Instagram videos to train an AI?

Since I haven't found any good training data for my university project, I want to use pictures and videos from public Instagram profiles. Am I allowed to do that?
Bert Gayus
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What are examples of techniques to prevent bias in artificial intelligence systems?

I recently read an article about how artificial intelligence replicates human stereotypes when applied to biased datasets. What are examples of techniques to prevent bias (and stereotypes) in artificial intelligence (in particular, machine learning)…
user6698
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