Git is a distributed revision control software used by many open source projects. This learning resource is meant to help students learn to use it so that they can collaborate with other participants on software projects at Wikiversity.
Select a local folder to copy the repository into, or create a new folder if you prefer. The repository will be copied as a subdirectory of the selected folder.
At a command or terminal prompt, navigate to the selected folder.
Clone the repository using the command: git clone URL_TO_REPO. See also: git pull and git fetch
Create a local repository
Initialize a folder for Git.
Select a local folder to add to Git, or create a new folder if you are starting a new project.
At a command or terminal prompt, navigate to the selected folder.
Initialize the folder using the command: git init
Make Local Changes and Update remote Repositories
Add local changes.
Stage files.
Add files to the folder or modify existing files.
Add new and modified files to the git staging area using the command: git add .[1] or git add some_modified_file.txt or git add -A
Commit changes.
Commit changes into the local repository using the command: git commit -m "<some message>"
Connect to a remote repository.
Connect to a remote repository using the command: git remote add <name><url>[2]
Push changes to a remote repository.
Push changes from your local repository to a remote repository using the command: git push[3] or git push origin master or git push -h origin master
Retrieve Remote Changes
Pull/get changes from a remote repository to have latest version of the code
Pull/get changes from a remote repository to your local repository using the command:
git pull or git pull <name><branch>
git pull -v (for more verbose output)
git fetch
gfind $1 -name ".git" | gsed -r 's|/[^/]+$||' | parallel "echo {}; git -C {} pull" (git pull all your repos in parallel, MacOS version)
Pull subdirectories:
ls | parallel git -C {} pull (assuming all sub-dirs are git repositories)[4]
ls | parallel git -C {} fetch
-C <PATH> run as if git was started in <path> instead of the current working directory.
Repository information
git remote -v or git remote show origin or git config --get remote.origin.url[5]
Git log
git log --oneline
git log --pretty=format:"%h - %an, %ar on %cd: %s"
Show modifications to a file:git log --follow -p FILE_TO_SHOW[6] or git blame FILE_TO_SHOW
Show all tags in git log:[8]git log --no-walk --tags --pretty="%h %d %s" --decorate=full
git tag (show releases)
List tags with dates: git log --tags --simplify-by-decoration --pretty="format:%ci %d"[9]. Just can also add taglog = log --tags --simplify-by-decoration --pretty='format:%ci %d' (note the single-, NOT double-quotes) in the [alias] section of your .gitconfig file.
Miscelaneous
git log --decorate=full --simplify-by-decoration
Print lines matching a pattern:git grep TEXT_TO_SEARCH
