I tried to install the Nvidia graphics drivers via System Settings → Software & Updates → Additional Drivers. However got several error messages and ended up with corrupted drivers as it seems.
I rebooted and landed in a login loop, which I fixed by going into Ctrl+Alt+F1 menu, removed all nvidia related drivers via purge nvidia*.
Then reinstalled the xorg stuff with some autoremove I guess and sudo apt-get install lightdm xserver-xorg-core and something else like… xorg-id-19.
I just wanted to use my external screen as second screen and I ended up with this total mess. My idea now was to somehow uninstall all the xorg related stuff and lightdm and reinstall it somehow. However it appears to be rather difficult because I can't use any command as soon as Ubuntu booted.
I use Ubuntu 16.04 LTS.