Fixing it
The problem can be fixed with the follwing command:
- For a ThinkPad X201 Tablet with Ubuntu 19.04 - xsetwacom --set "Serial Wacom Tablet WACf00c touch" Gesture off
 
- For a ThinkPad X201 Tablet with Ubuntu 18.10 - xsetwacom --set "Wacom Serial Penabled 2FG Touchscreen Finger touch" 
Gesture off
 
- For other touchscreen devices - Find out the product name of your touchscreen with - xinput --listand supply it in the command above.
 
Making the fix permanent
To automatically apply the configuration change of the above command at every start of X11, create a file /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/81-local-touchscreen-tweaks.conf with the content shown below, and restart your X server afterwards to test the effect.
- For a ThinkPad X201 Tablet with Ubuntu 19.04 - # Tweaks for the Wacom touchscreen on a ThinkPad X201 Tablet.
Section "InputClass"
    Identifier "local touchscreen tweaks"
    # Product to configure.
    MatchProduct "Serial Wacom Tablet WACf00c"
    # Driver to use for this device.
    # (Identical to the default, so not essential to mention.)
    Driver "wacom"
    # Disable multi-touch gestures to fix tap-to-click issues.
    Option "Gesture" "off"
EndSection
 
- For a ThinkPad X201 Tablet with Ubuntu 18.10 - Use the same file content as shown above, except that you have to change the - MatchProductline to the following:
 - MatchProduct "Wacom Serial Penabled 2FG Touchscreen Finger"
 
- For other touchscreen devices - Look into your - /var/log/Xorg.0.logfor a line that mentions your touchscreen's product identifier, such as "Using input driver 'wacom' for '…'". Or simply use the product identifier reported by- xinput --listwithout the "- touch" at the end. That suffix is rather the mode of the product and not part of its identifier; modes can be touch, pen, eraser, cursor.
 
Background information
The fix disables all multi-touch gestures of the xf86-input-wacom driver. Obviously, either this feature of the driver or the programs where disabling it repairs normal tap-to-click behavior have a software bug, because the described problem is no intended consequence of multi-touch gestures. Probably it is a bug in the application software, as I could not find any difference between the events generated with "Gesture on" and "Gesture off" on either of the following levels:
- driver level, using a command like sudo libinput debug-events
- X event level, as reported with a command like sudo evtest /dev/input/event15
Obviously, you lose the driver's ability to interpret multi-touch events this way. This is not much of a problem though, because multi-touch gestures in this driver are a deprecated feature anyway:
"The xf86-input-wacom driver supports 2FGT gestures as a legacy feature from linuxwacom grandfathered in. […] [I]t is far more useful to have touch gestures […] supported by a gesture engine that can be used by all drivers and multitouch aware applications. […] [W]hen you disable xf86-input-wacom's default in-driver 2FGT support all the hardware-tracked fingers pass up to the X server. That allows all of the hardware reported touch contacts to be handled by the new multitouch through X Server features […] and supporting drivers." [source]
Indeed, after the change pinch zoom and two-finger scrolling still work in Chrome / Chromium, for example. The only annoying part is that the disabled gestures include the "tap-hold plus tap" two-finger gesture for right-clicking. Under the Ubuntu default desktop environment, right-clicking by touch is still possible with tap-and-hold, but not so in other desktop environments. But that's a different problem to solve.